This month we will be talking about heat illness. I know most of you spend the majority of your
day in your air-conditioned truck; however, there are some of you who spend a considerable amount of time outside your truck.
Just like your trucks, your body can overheat in extreme
conditions. We are going to talk about
how to field diagnose those symptoms and prevent you and your coworkers from
suffering a heat related illness.
The cab of your truck is probably pretty cool and comfortable when you have the key
on. Did you know that 56 percent of
drivers do not use an alternative to idling?
So, while heat stress is a rare issue when the truck is running, there
is a clear danger for many drivers who are securing a load, inspecting a truck,
or simply parked in a strict no-idle spot on a hot day.
Heat stress happens quickly. On a hot day, you can become “heat sick” in
as little as 30 minutes if you’re not careful.
While the Centers for Disease Control tell people working in the heat to
rest, drink, and find shade from the sun, you can’t always do that. Heat does not “stop the clock.”
Heat is stressful to
the fittest of people and extremely dangerous to those with poor physical
stamina, weight issues, underlying medical issues like high blood pressure, and
medications like diuretics, which can make you dehydrated.
Heat illness is a broad term that encompasses
several conditions, ranging from mild heat cramps to life-threatening heat
stroke. The three main conditions are
heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heatstroke.
All of these conditions occur as our core temperature increases and we
become overheated, dehydrated, and hyponatremia (low salt). Although the exact cause of heat illness is
not known, some researchers suggest that it is due to a failure in our body’s thermal
regulation system.
HEAT CRAMPS. One of the first signs of heat
illness is heat cramps which usually involve muscle cramping that occurs
during or after intense or prolonged exercise in extreme heat conditions. The most common location for these cramps is
in the lower legs such as the calf muscles or feet. The most likely causes of this condition
include lack of acclimatization to the heat, low sodium (salt), and
dehydration. Treatment is quite simple
involving rest, cooling, massage, and hydration. Fluids should be taken by mouth and can
consist of any cool liquids. Sports
drinks such as Gatorade are beneficial in this situation as they help replenish
electrolyte levels.
If mild overheating is not treated in a timely fashion, it
may progress to a more severe condition called heat exhaustion.
HEAT EXHAUSTION. Heat
exhaustion is the body’s response to an excessive loss of water and salt,
usually through excessive sweating.
In most cases, the core
body temperature is below 103 degrees F.
Those most prone to heat exhaustion are elderly people or people who
have high blood pressure, or those who are severely overweight, or those
working or exercising in a hot environment.
It is vital that this condition be
recognized and treated accordingly as it can quickly progress to a life
threatening condition called heat stroke.
Heat exhaustion has many symptoms including:
¨ Heavy sweating
¨ Weakness
¨ Lightheadedness
¨ Nausea
or vomiting
¨ Muscle
cramps
¨ Occasionally
flu-like symptoms.
¨ Fast
& weak pulse
¨ Heavy
sweating
¨ Extreme
weakness or fatigue
¨ Dizziness,
confusion
¨ Clammy,
moist skin
¨ Pale
or flushed complexion
¨ Slightly
elevated body temperature
¨ Fast
& shallow breathing
If you are suffering from heat exhaustion, get to an
air-conditioned area; drink plenty of water (or cool, nonalcoholic
beverage). If you can, take a cool
shower or sponge yourself off. If you
are helping someone else, follow the same routine. If you see, someone experiencing any of the
symptoms for heat exhaustion immediately helps them stop all physical activity,
start resting, cool off, and hydrate.
HEAT
STROKE. Heat
stroke is the most dangerous and is actually a form of hypothermia if you can
believe it. It has both physical and
neurological symptoms which can do significant damage to your body and even
lead to death. Again, heatstroke is a
result of dehydration and extreme temperatures within your body. It occurs when your body becomes unable to
control its core temperature. Your
body’s temperature rises rapidly, sweating fails, and your body is unable to
cool down. When heat stroke occurs, your
body temperature can rise to 106 degrees or higher within 10 to 15
minutes. Heatstroke can cause death or
permanent disability if emergency treatment is not given.
As you may have guessed, this is a medical emergency and
needs to be treated with rapid cooling under close supervision. If this happens to you, there is a good
chance that you will need intravenous fluid.
Heatstroke symptoms include:
¨ Hot,
dry skin
¨ Hallucinations
¨ Chills
¨ Throbbing
headache
¨ Confusion/dizziness
¨ Slurred
speech
¨ Very
high body temperature
¨ No
sweating just a red face
¨ Difficulty
breathing
¨ Disorientation
Heatstroke is a medical emergency and needs to be treated
immediately.
What separates heat exhaustion from heatstroke is
that people suffering from Heat Stroke have a significant change in mental
status. These people are usually
confused, disorientated, or agitated.
Severe forms of heat stroke can lead to coma or seizures.
If you think you might be having a heat stroke, get
help. If you are first on the scene for
a coworker, call 911. Move them to a
cooler or shadier area, and try to cool him/her down with water.
FAINTING. “Heat
syncope” is when you overheat and faint.
It may be heat exhaustion or heat stroke. Both can cause blacking out (syncope). You can tell the difference by paying
attention to some simple details. Was
your skin red hot and dry or was it sweaty and cool? As we mentioned earlier, heatstroke is when
you quit sweating. Heat exhaustion is
when you sweat excessively. Whichever
one it was, you need to replace your fluids and electrolytes immediately.
Once you have either condition, you are more prone to
having it again. Make this important
note to yourself: Don’t underestimate the sun.
This summer temperatures have been soaring well into the
90’s and even peaking above 100. For
many, this sort of extreme heat can typically be an afterthought. Heck, you’re in your cab enjoying the air
conditioning compared to the unlucky souls who have to climb up onto a roof and
swing a hammer for most of the day, what’s there to worry about? Easy, it’s not the climate-controlled living
but the second half of your job, like unloading. We’ve had several reports already this summer
about drivers experiencing different forms of heat fatigue from heat exhaustion
all the way up to heatstroke. Take the
tips from this newsletter to make sure you’re not going to be counted among
these rising statistics.
These tips will help you and your coworkers to avoid a Heat
related illness.
Get Plenty to Drink. Sweating removes the needed salt and minerals
from the body. When it is hot, drink more water, juice and sports drinks. Avoid
drinks with caffeine (tea, coffee, and soda) and alcohol. Be sure to eat
regularly.
Stay Cool Indoors. The best way to beat the heat is to stay in
an air-conditioned area. If you don’t
have an air conditioner, go to a shopping mall or public building for a few
hours. A cool shower or bath is also a
good way to cool off.
Wear Light Clothing and Sunscreen. Wear as little clothing as possible when you
are at home. Choose lightweight,
light-colored, loose-fitting clothing.
In the hot sun, a wide-brimmed hat will keep the head cool. If you will be in direct sun, use sunscreen
with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 15 or higher and follow package
directions. Reapply every 2 hours while
in the sun.
Schedule Outdoor Activities Carefully. Try to be less active during the hottest part
of the day, late afternoon. If you must
be out in the heat, plan your activities so that you are outdoors either before
noon or in the evening. While outdoors,
rest often in a shady area. Never leave
kids or pets in a parked car.
Pace Yourself. If you are not used to working or exercising
in hot weather, start slowly, and pick up the pace gradually. Take frequent, regularly scheduled breaks. If activity in the heat makes your heart
pound or leaves you gasping for breath, stop the activity, get into a cool or shady
area, and rest. Especially if you become
lightheaded, confused, weak, or feel faint.
Use a Buddy System.
During a heatwave, check on your friends and family and have someone do
the same for you. If you know someone
who is elderly or has a health condition, check on him or her multiple times a
day during a heatwave. Watch for signs
of heat exhaustion or heat stroke. High
temperatures can cause serious health problems.
Know the symptoms of heat-related illness and be ready to help.
From a first responders perspective, there are very limited
options to treat heatstroke in the field.
The name of the game at this point is to get the individual into the
shade, remove most; if not all of the victims, clothing and try to begin to
cool the body, which could read temperatures of over 106 degrees. A garden hose or cool water is a good start,
as an ice bath might shock the body. Try
to keep track of the temperature if you can with a thermometer and call
paramedics who can come and help while providing further coaching to you to aid
the victim.
As I always say, prevention is the best treatment.
Heat exhaustion is a real concern and should not be
ignored. If you follow some of the
simple prevention tips in this newsletter it will greatly reduce your chances
of suffering from heat illness. Until
next month, stay cool and drive safely.